Preview Newsletter
PM ACC Clips Report - February 18, 2018
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(ACC Blog) An Industry Initiative to Help Keep Pool Swimming Safe
Feb 18, 2019 | American Chemistry Matters
By Judith Nordgren
Chlorine is indispensable to maintaining crystal clear, sanitized swimming pool water. However, when reports emerged that swimmers and pool staff were being accidentally exposed to chlorine gas at pools, there was a need to help stop... -
Agency Hits N.C. Chemical Maker for Lack of Notification
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In E&E - Greenwire)
By Emery P. Dalesio
A chemical maker's North Carolina plant may have broken federal law by failing to notify EPA before it started manufacturing and repurposing new industrial compounds, the agency said last week. The Chemours Co. also failed... -
Nurdles and Mermaid Tears—the Major Source of Plastic Pollution You've Never Heard Of
Feb 18, 2019 | Newsweek
By Claire Gwinnett
"Nurdles” may sound cute but they pose a huge risk to the marine environment. Also known as “mermaid tears," these small plastic pellets are a feedstock in the plastic industry. Instead of being converted into household items, many end... -
Search for Contamination at Former Camp Wellfleet Nearly Complete
Feb 18, 2019 | Military.com
By Mary Ann Bragg
An investigation into potential contaminants in the ground at the former Camp Wellfleet, from munitions used at the former military base from 1942 to 1961, is nearly complete, according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. -
EPA's PFAS Action Plan Meets With Community Pushback
Feb 17, 2019 | The Cape, Coast and Islands NPR Station
By Heather Goldstone
The EPA has released an action plan for addressing the risks posed by a large class of chemicals known collectively as PFAS, which are used as flame retardants and non-stick or stain-resistant coatings. These chemicals have been... -
Commentary: ‘Green Chemistry’ Makes Products Safer. Here’s How California Can Do Better
Feb 17, 2019 | Napa Valley Register
By Gina M. Solomon and Martin Mulvihill
Californians’ demand for healthier products is part of a trend toward healthy living that has changed our expectations of chemistry. We led the nation a decade ago by launching a Green Chemistry Initiative to advance the safer use of... -
Plastics Reach Remote Pristine Environments, Scientists Say
Feb 17, 2019 | The Guardian
By Ian Sample
Scientists have warned about the impact of plastic pollution in the most pristine corners of the world after discovering chemical additives in birds’ eggs in the High Arctic. Eggs laid by northern fulmars on Prince Leopold Island... -
Sale of Oil Leases on Federal Lands Earns Record $1.1b, Encroaching on 'Sensitive' Areas
Feb 18, 2019 | Houston Chronicle
By James Osborne
President Donald Trump’s push to expand oil and gas drilling on federal lands across the American West is reaching new heights, even as government officials, conservation groups and even some members of his own party move to stop him. -
Judge Keeps Most Pipeline Work on Hold
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In E&E - Greenwire)
A federal judge in Montana has largely kept in place an injunction that blocks a Canadian company from performing preliminary work on the stalled Keystone XL oil pipeline. U.S. District Judge Brian Morris on Friday denied a request... -
How California Has Paved the Way for the Green New Deal
Feb 18, 2019 | Los Angeles Magazine
By Brittany Martin
When New York Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez recently introduced her Green New Deal proposal before Congress, the goals laid out in the document–transitioning to a completely clean power supply, updating grid -
Railroads Must Now Have Regional Teams Ready to Respond to Oil Train Wrecks
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In Omaha World-Herald)
Federal transportation officials are requiring railroads to establish regional response teams along oil train routes following a series of fiery derailments. The rule announced Thursday is aimed at having crews and equipment ready in... -
Railroads Must Develop Oil Spill Response Plans: DOT
Feb 18, 2019 | Kallanish Energy
The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued a final rule requiring railroads to develop oil spill response plans to improve readiness for, and mitigate, spills, Kallanish Energy reports. The rule also requires the railroads to disclose... -
Bill Weld Plans GOP Challenge to Trump on Climate
Feb 18, 2019 | E&E - Greenwire
By Nick Sobczyk
Bill Weld, the former Republican governor of Massachusetts and the 2016 vice presidential candidate on the libertarian ticket, is planning to challenge President Trump for the GOP nomination for 2020. But unlike the president... -
Cap and Trade: Oregon Lawmakers Work to Adopt Policy
Feb 18, 2019 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News
By George Plaven
Oregon lawmakers are considering a new carbon pricing policy during this year’s legislative session aimed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat the effects of climate change. The legislation , known as cap and...
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(ACC Blog) An Industry Initiative to Help Keep Pool Swimming Safe
Feb 18, 2019 | American Chemistry Matters
By Judith Nordgren
Chlorine is indispensable to maintaining crystal clear, sanitized swimming pool water. However, when reports emerged that swimmers and pool staff were being accidentally exposed to chlorine gas at pools, there was a need to help stop these incidents. One incident of a chlorine gas exposure involved an equipment malfunction at a swim school in California that resulted in 19 people suffering breathing difficulties. Unfortunate exposures like these happen at the rate of at least a dozen or so per year in the US.
The problem starts when the water circulation pump and the chemical feed system do not operate in sync. If the water circulation pump stops, but the chemical feed equipment continues to add chemicals into the pipes, a chemical reaction can occur that produces gaseous chlorine. The gas then can find its way to the pool area once the circulation pump is restarted, potentially endangering swimmers and pool staff.
Recognizing a need to prevent these incidents, in late 2017, the American Chemistry Council’s Chlorine Chemistry Division brought together a group of swimming pool experts and stakeholders. The group included representatives of swimming pool associations, government health agencies, nonprofits, and pool chemical and equipment manufacturers. Their mission: to develop a video for pool operators demonstrating how to avoid the unintended exposure of pool patrons and staff to chlorine gas.
After nearly a year of work, the group produced a free video titled “Preventing Unintended Chemical Injection.” It details safeguards to help ensure the circulation pump and chemical feed system operate in unison, thus avoiding chlorine gas exposure. It also outlines best practices for pool staff in keeping swimmers out of the water when there is a risk of accidental exposure. The video debuted at the fall meeting of the World Aquatic Health Conference and the partnership is now promoting it widely to help put an end to accidental pool-related exposures to chlorine gas.
Through this collaboration, swimming pool operators now have a resource to help keep pools safer while chlorine chemistry continues to be used appropriately to help ensure healthy pools.
https://blog.americanchemistry.com/2019/02/an-industry-initiative-to-help-keep-pool-swimming-safe/
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Agency Hits N.C. Chemical Maker for Lack of Notification
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In E&E - Greenwire)
By Emery P. Dalesio
A chemical maker's North Carolina plant may have broken federal law by failing to notify EPA before it started manufacturing and repurposing new industrial compounds, the agency said last week.
The Chemours Co. also failed to provide information showing when the company learned the chemical GenX contaminated water wells and properties around its factories near Fayetteville and Parkersburg, W.Va., EPA said in a violation notice letter dated Wednesday.
Federal law requires the producers of potentially toxic substances that "may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment" to notify EPA before the companies start making new chemicals or use an existing compound for a significantly new use. That would allow the agency to investigate their effects.
"The review process exists to make sure that new chemicals are safe and that new uses those chemicals are put to are also safe," environmental lawyer Robin Smith said. "It's a basic requirement that's intended to protect health and safety."
Operators of Chemours' Fayetteville plant failed to give those required notices for several chemicals, including HFPO (hexafluoropropylene oxide), a chemical used to make the compound GenX. GenX has been found in drinking water wells near the plant and also the municipal utility serving the city of Wilmington, about 100 miles down the Cape Fear River.
EPA classifies GenX as an "emerging contaminant" needing research. Animal studies show GenX has the potential to affect the kidneys, blood, immune system, liver and developing fetuses following oral exposure, EPA said in a draft report released last year. "The data are suggestive of cancer," the report said.
Chemours also failed to contain GenX within its West Virginia plant despite a 2009 agreement with the federal agency that the company would stop 99 percent of the chemical from getting into the water and air.
EPA said it found the violations after inspecting the two plants in 2017. Since then, Chemours has made changes to address some of the issues raised, company spokeswoman Lisa Randall said in an emailed statement. She wouldn't say why Chemours didn't provide EPA with the required notices.
Chemours also should provide within 30 days information EPA previously asked for describing when the Fortune 500 company first learned that GenX had contaminated drinking water wells near the two plants, the agency said.
Its Chemours investigation may find other violations, and fines could follow, EPA said.
"It's significant that EPA is now weighing in," said Geoff Gisler, a Southern Environmental Law Center attorney. "EPA ensuring the company is properly documenting and registering the chemicals they're using at the site is an important thing to have happen."
https://www.eenews.net/greenwire/2019/02/18/stories/1060121271
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Nurdles and Mermaid Tears—the Major Source of Plastic Pollution You've Never Heard Of
Feb 18, 2019 | Newsweek
By Claire Gwinnett
"Nurdles” may sound cute but they pose a huge risk to the marine environment. Also known as “mermaid tears," these small plastic pellets are a feedstock in the plastic industry. Instead of being converted into household items, many end up in the ocean, collecting toxins on their surfaces and being eaten by marine wildlife. Not so cute now, are they?
Nurdles are the building blocks for most plastic goods, from single-use water bottles to televison sets. These small pellets—normally between 1mm and 5mm—are classed as a primary microplastic alongside the microbeads used in cosmetic products. They’re small on purpose, as opposed to other microplastics that break off from larger plastic waste in the ocean.
The small size of nurdles makes them easy to transport as the raw material which can be melted down and moulded into all kinds of plastic products by manufacturers. Unfortunately, mismanagement of these little pellets during transport and processing leads to billions being unintentionally released into rivers and oceans through effluent pipes, blown from land or via industrial spillage.An ocean of mermaid tears
“Mermaid tears” is an appropriate nickname when we consider the potential harm that nurdles have on marine life. Their small size, round shape and array of colours make them attractive food—easily mistaken for fish eggs and small prey. This “food” has an extra problem—it comes with a side of noxious chemicals.
The large surface area to size ratio and polymer composition of the nurdle pellets allow persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seawater to build up on their surfaces. These toxins then transfer to the tissue of organisms which eat them. The problem is in the name—POPs are “persistent," meaning they don’t go away easily and can remain on the surface of nurdles for years.
Nurdles can also be colonized by microbes that are dangerous to humans. A study investigating nurdles on bathing beaches in East Lothian, Scotland, found that all five beaches tested had nurdles that were covered with E. coli—the bacterium responsible for food poisoning.
Nurdles can be so noxious that people cleaning beaches or recording pellets in scientific surveys are advised not to touch them with their bare skin—which makes sun bathing on many beaches in the summer an unattractive prospect.
So how many nurdles are out there in the ocean and on coastlines? It’s estimated that up to 53 billion nurdles are released annually in the U.K. from the plastic industry. That’s the same amount of nurdles that it would take to make 88 million plastic bottles. So why are nurdles rarely discussed in the plastic pollution debate?
The nurdle hunting
Luckily, there are organizations raising awareness of nurdles and their prevalence in marine pollution. The Great Global Nurdle Hunt started by Fidra—a charity based in Scotland that addresses environmental issues—and the Marine Conservation Society encourages people to become citizen scientists and gather data on how common these pellets are on beaches around the world.
Data collection helps identify the main sources of this pollution from the plastic industry, which can use the information to improve management of the problem. As there are so many nurdles present in the environment, it takes an army of people to gather information about them. The Hunt takes place over ten days in February each year.
Citizen scientists log their nurdle findings onto a global map that shows the extent of nurdle pollution worldwide and how it’s changed over time. Since 2012, the number of beaches being searched has reached 1,610 across six continents, 18 countries and with over 60 organizations involved.
This year, Staffordshire University’s Microplastic and Forensic Fibre Research Group took part in efforts to estimate the concentration of nurdles on Hightown beach in Liverpool, U.K. An average of 139.8 nurdles per square metre were found. That’s around 140,000 nurdles over 3,200 feet of hightide line.
If you’d like to become a citizen scientist and collect nurdle data at your local beach, there are a few useful tips. Have a look at one of the online nurdle ID guides online so that you don’t mistake a polystyrene ball, BB gun pellet or ancient fossil for a nurdle.
Make sure to check seaweed and other marine debris when on the beach—these act like large nurdle nets. Once you’ve collected data, don’t forget to submit your findings to a suitable survey so that that they can be used to fight the pollution problem.
And if you don’t live near the coast, don’t worry—nurdles have been found in most environments, including rivers, lakes and even far inland and away from water. We even found them in soil in our campus. So let’s get nurdle hunting—but don’t forget your gloves.
https://www.newsweek.com/plastic-pollution-microplastic-nurdles-mermaid-tears-1334483
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Search for Contamination at Former Camp Wellfleet Nearly Complete
Feb 18, 2019 | Military.com
By Mary Ann Bragg
An investigation into potential contaminants in the ground at the former Camp Wellfleet, from munitions used at the former military base from 1942 to 1961, is nearly complete, according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
"Preliminary sampling indicates no issues with regard to contamination," Army Corps Project Manager Gina Kaso wrote in a statement emailed to the Times. There is no indication that a second round of sampling is needed, according to Kaso.
The investigation of the site occurred last year and a draft version of the investigation report is currently under review by stakeholders such as the state Department of Environmental Protection, according to Army Corps spokesman Timothy Dugan. The Wellfleet Select Board recently gave the Army Corps authorization to access the property for another year.
With finalization of the report scheduled for the the late spring, a feasibility study would be developed to evaluate alternatives to handle contamination if any has been found, Dugan said.
Camp Wellfleet was located east of Route 6, from Lecount Hollow Road to the Eastham town line. In the early 1940s, the U.S. Army used the base for antiaircraft training, and in the mid-1940s the U.S. Navy used it for missile testing and for mobile radar training. From 1947 to 1961, the Army trained guardsmen and reservists before the land became part of the Cape Cod National Seashore in 1961.
"We may require additional field work, which could temporarily impact areas within the park, but should not have a long term impact on park usage," Kaso wrote.
The Seashore staff is continuing to work with the Army Corps and help as needed on the project, Seashore Superintendent Brian Carlstrom said.
"It's basically a continuation of work going on for decades," Carlstrom said.
Before the project kickoff, in 2017, another Army Corps project manager said that no significant soil contamination was expected based on initial analysis and removal of old munitions debris and scrap metal 10 years earlier. Among the many former military defense sites across the country that have been or are being cleaned up, Camp Wellfleet was not considered a high priority for risk to human safety, the previous project manager said at that time.
Of 213 formerly used defense sites, known as FUDS sites, in Massachusetts, most have been cleaned up and are considered closed cases, according to Army Corps materials. Camp Wellfleet is one of 19 active remediation projects in the state as of February. Two other active projects in the region are on Nantucket and at Tisbury Great Pond on Martha's Vineyard.
Based on the munitions and debris that had already been retrieved and disposed of, the contractor for the project was to develop a list of potential soil contaminants and then take an initial set of soil samples in the areas where the old munitions were found. The list of possible soil contaminants -- prior to any sampling -- included potassium perchlorate, as well as barium, copper, lead, nickel, manganese and zinc.
Elevated levels of perchlorate have contaminated groundwater emanating from a former military training and defense contract testing range that operated from the 1930s to the 1990s at Camp Edwards on the Upper Cape. Perchlorate, a contaminant found in fireworks and explosives, is known to adversely affect thyroid function, especially in small children.
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/02/18/search-contamination-former-camp-wellfleet-nearly-complete.html
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EPA's PFAS Action Plan Meets With Community Pushback
Feb 17, 2019 | The Cape, Coast and Islands NPR Station
By Heather Goldstone
The EPA has released an action plan for addressing the risks posed by a large class of chemicals known collectively as PFAS, which are used as flame retardants and non-stick or stain-resistant coatings. These chemicals have been linked to a range of human health impacts, including certain cancers, immune disfunction, and obesity. And they have been found in drinking water around the country.
EPA’s plan commits the agency to continuing the process that could lead to legally enforceable drinking water limits for two of the most widespread and best known chemicals of this kind - PFOS and PFOA. The plan also pledges expanded research and monitoring of these chemicals, and better communication of health risks and cleanup strategies.
Alexandra Dunn of EPA’s Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention says the plan is a first-of-its-kind approach to a contaminant of emerging concern, involving multiple agencies and multiple lines of response.
"Americans count on EPA to protect them from harmful pollution," Dunn said. "To fulfill our promise to the American public, we must equip states, tribes, and local communities with tools and technologies to provide clean and safe drinking water to residents and to address PFAS at the source.”
But advocates for affected communities argue the EPA isn’t moving quickly or comprehensively to address the risks posed by PFAS.
“This has been introduced as a plan of action, but I just don’t see the action in the plan,” said Sylvia Broude, Executive Director of Toxics Action Center. “There are at least 110 million Americans that are drinking these toxic chemicals in their water right now, many have been for decades. What is this going to do for those communities today?
Dunn’s response: “Change takes time under our regulations.”
Dunn said this plan is a continuation of the back-and-forth between EPA and affected communities around the country, and says additional guidance and decisions can be expected later this year.
https://www.capeandislands.org/post/epas-pfas-action-plan-meets-community-pushback#stream/0
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Commentary: ‘Green Chemistry’ Makes Products Safer. Here’s How California Can Do Better
Feb 17, 2019 | Napa Valley Register
By Gina M. Solomon and Martin Mulvihill
Californians’ demand for healthier products is part of a trend toward healthy living that has changed our expectations of chemistry.
We led the nation a decade ago by launching a Green Chemistry Initiative to advance the safer use of chemicals.
The environment committees of the Senate and the Assembly convened recently to review the status of this important initiative, and its centerpiece, the Safer Consumer Products Program. This is a time to celebrate its successes—and call for stronger action to protect Californians.
The Safer Consumer Products Program was designed to deal with “chemical whack-a-mole.” In this real-life version of the carnival game, individual toxic chemicals are banned or regulated, only to be replaced by similar chemicals that have not been studied and can be just as hazardous.
Take flame retardants, for example.
In 2002, California scientists discovered toxic flame retardants, known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs for short, in San Francisco Bay harbor seals, and in breast biopsy samples from California women.
PBDEs were linked to thyroid hormone disruption, neurological damage, and cancer. The Legislature banned most PBDEs the following year, but it soon became clear that other hazardous chemicals were replacing these toxicants in everything from furniture foam to children’s nap mats.
There is an alphabet soup of other toxic chemicals— from BPA to PCBs — that were removed from products, only to be replaced by toxic cousins. Parents may have thought their families were being protected, but many had no idea the replacement chemicals could be just as bad.
It was time for a new approach.
In 2008, then-Assemblymember Mike Feuer of Los Angeles and then-Senator Joe Simitian of Palo Alto carried legislation that established the Safer Consumer Products Program as the key component of the state’s Green Chemistry Initiative, to incentivize the use of safer chemicals in consumer products.
A recently completed independent study of the initiative, funded by the California Breast Cancer Research Program, found that California’s approach is important and innovative. However, after 10 years, much-needed improvements are needed:
— California must ramp up its efforts. The federal government has abandoned its role to protect the public from dangerous chemicals. Our state agencies are our first line of defense and need to increase their scale of effort. This will require in-depth analysis of hazardous chemicals in products where replacement chemicals aren’t obvious, and faster action where toxic chemicals aren’t necessary and a safer path is clear. The program will require staffing and resources adequate to the task.
— Good science needs good data. California agencies struggle to deal with thousands of problem chemicals in hundreds of thousands of products. This gargantuan job is rendered almost impossible because the program does not have clear authority to demand comprehensive information on product ingredients. Without good data it’s hard to make good decisions.
— Healthy chemistry is California’s future. Consumers are demanding products that are safe for families and for the environment. Retailers and product manufacturers are asking their suppliers tough questions about chemical ingredients. Safer chemicals are increasingly a reality as companies small and large respond to the demand. Partnerships, such as the Berkeley Center for Green Chemistry, bring together students, faculty, business and government to build an economically successful green and healthy chemistry industry that has the potential to rival clean energy technology.
California leadership can protect families and the environment from hazardous chemicals, and stimulate economic innovation. We applaud a decade of hard-won progress, and look forward to expanding this important effort with a stronger Safer Consumer Products Program.
https://napavalleyregister.com/opinion/editorial/commentary-green-chemistry-makes-products-safer-here-s-how-california/article_9c50e8d4-f226-51c2-8974-04db7d880a19.html
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Plastics Reach Remote Pristine Environments, Scientists Say
Feb 17, 2019 | The Guardian
By Ian Sample
Scientists have warned about the impact of plastic pollution in the most pristine corners of the world after discovering chemical additives in birds’ eggs in the High Arctic.
Eggs laid by northern fulmars on Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian Arctic tested positive for hormone-disrupting phthalates, a family of chemicals that are added to plastics to keep them flexible. It is the first time the additives have been found in Arctic birds’ eggs.
The contaminants are thought to have leached from plastic debris that the birds ingested while hunting for fish, squid and shrimp in the Lancaster Sound at the entrance to the Northwest Passage. The birds spend most of their lives feeding at sea, returning to their nests only to breed.
Northern fulmars have an oily fluid in their stomachs, which they projectile-vomit at invaders that threaten their nests. Scientists believe the phthalates found their way into the fluid, and from there passed into the bloodstream and the eggs that females were producing.
Jennifer Provencher at the Canadian Wildlife Service said it was worrying to find the additives in the eggs of birds in such a pristine environment. The northern fulmars in the Arctic tend to come across far less plastic than other birds.
Provencher’s tests revealed that mothers passed on a cocktail of contaminants to their unborn chicks. “It’s really tragic,” she said at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington DC. “That bird, from the very beginning of its development, will have those contaminants inside it.”
She analysed the yolk and albumin of five northern fulmar eggs collected on Prince Leopold Island and found that one tested positive for phthalates. The chemicals disrupt hormones, or the endocrine system, and have been linked to birth defects, fertility problems and a host of metabolic diseases. Many phthalates have been banned in children’s toys on safety grounds.
More work is needed to confirm whether the additives cause any harm. “We know that these chemicals are often endocrine disruptors, and we know that they can interrupt hormonal development and cause deformations. But whether they actually cause any harm in the eggs is something we don’t know,” Provencher said.
Further tests found traces of other plastic contaminants in northern fulmar and black-legged kittiwake eggs collected from the same nesting sites. Eggs from both birds tested positive for SDPAs and BZT-UVs, which are added to plastics to stop them degrading and losing their colour in sunlight, respectively.
The scientists now want to look for plastic contaminants in the eggs of other bird populations that ingest more plastic debris. “We need to look at whether they have the same chemicals, higher levels of chemicals, and additional chemicals,” said Provencher. “The recognition that at least some of these contaminants are going into eggs really opens the door for all these other questions we should be asking in areas of much higher plastic concentrations.”
Northern fulmars are large, albatross-like birds that soar low over the waves in search of food. More than half a million breeding pairs nest on the cliffs of Britain, with most on the Scottish coastline and Northern Isles.
Because northern fulmars can live for 40 years or more, the birds have been exposed to significant plastic debris in the seas for only a few generations. That meant the birds had not had time to adapt to the changing environment, Provencher said.
Alex Bond, a conservation biologist who studies seabirds and marine debris at the Natural History Museum in London, said: “It’s another example of the often invisible impacts that plastics can have on wildlife. It may not be enough to result in mortality, but it’s certainly not a positive thing, and combined with the pressures from other contaminants – from plastics and from the birds’ prey – contributes to the increased threats that many of the world’s seabirds are facing.”Advertisement
Lyndsey Dodds, the head of UK marine policy at WWF, said: “Our throwaway culture is strangling the natural world with plastic, choking our oceans and harming our wildlife; 90% of the world’s sea birds have fragments of plastic in their stomach, and now we are hearing even their eggs are not immune from the plastic plague. We need to take urgent action globally and at home to eliminate plastics from nature by 2030.”
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/feb/17/plastics-reach-remote-pristine-environments-scientists-say
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Sale of Oil Leases on Federal Lands Earns Record $1.1b, Encroaching on 'Sensitive' Areas
Feb 18, 2019 | Houston Chronicle
By James Osborne
President Donald Trump’s push to expand oil and gas drilling on federal lands across the American West is reaching new heights, even as government officials, conservation groups and even some members of his own party move to stop him.
The Interior Department last year set an all-time record for oil and gas lease sales on federal lands, generating more than $1.1 billion, almost triple the previous record from 2008.
While that is drawing applause from oil and gas executives, environmental groups warn that leasing so much such land so fast has put at risk pristine wilderness and wildlife habitats. More than 1.5 million acres of land were leased for drilling last year alone, and buried within the growing list are lands within Wyoming’s Red Desert Corridor, one of the largest game corridors in the country, and others close to Native American ruins at Hovenweep National Monument in southeastern Utah, despite warnings from the National Parks Service.
“They try to lease as much as they can as fast as they can. Whether the industry is interested is not a determinate factor,” said Bobby McEnaney, senior deputy director at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “The problem is with this approach, you end up hitting pieces of land that are too sensitive to drill.”
In September, the Bureau of Land Management, the Interior Department agency that administers public lands, offered up to 300,000 acres of oil and gas leases in Nevada’s Ruby Mountains, drawing protest from locals and environmental groups worried the alpine terrain was going to be inundated with trucks and drilling rigs. The auction, however, did not generate a single bid, even at a minimum buy-in of $2 per acre.
America first
That led to accusations that the Department of the Interior is putting land up for auction without studying its holdings to determine whether development represents the best use of a public resource. In a letter to the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto, D-Nev., questioned the practice of “offering Nevada’s public lands that have little to no potential for drilling while generating little interest from industry.”
The Bureau of Land Management did not respond to an interview request for this story. But in a press release earlier this month, the bureau described itself as a “key contributor to the Trump Administration's America-First Energy Plan.”
“With a bold, new approach to energy development, and a President who recognizes that conventional wisdom is meant to be challenged, we are starting to see what a great America looks like,” acting Interior Secretary David Bernhardt, Trump's nominee to lead the agency, said in a statement.
The approach largely has drawn applause from the U.S. oil and gas sector, which had criticized the Obama administration’s approach to leasing on federal lands as overly cautious.
America’s fastest growing oil field, the Permian Basin, is split between private lands in Texas and federal lands in New Mexico. Until recently, oil companies largely avoided the New Mexico side, because of the lengthy waits for federal drilling permits compared with two weeks for a permit from the Texas Railroad Commission, said Christopher Guith, senior vice president at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Global Energy Institute.
The average wait times for a permit from the Bureau of Land Management is now four months, down from 10 months at one point during the Obama administration, according to the Western Energy Alliance, a trade group.
“This administration has been committed to really driving down the time frames to get the permits, to make it more predictable, and frankly making more areas available for lease,” Guith said. “When you compare it to where it was with the previous administration, it’s 180 degrees.”
But some worry sped-up timelines are leading to mistakes. In a controversy around Native American ruins in southern Utah last year, a National Parks Service superintendent urged Interior to back off the lease sale because officials had failed to “adequately address several concerns related to resource protection.”
See you in court
“We are concerned about the proliferation of pads and roads associated with potential future exploration and production activities enabled by the proposed lease sale,” wrote Jeannine McElveen, superintendent of Hovenweep and Natural Bridges National Monuments. “ Vibrations from heavy vehicle traffic have been shown to affect historic structures.”
To keep up the record pace of leasing, the Bureau of Land Management has had to contend with a near constant stream of litigation from environmental groups and Native American tribes. Last year, the administration sustained a blow when a federal judge in Idaho blocked the lease sale of millions of acres of land across lands occupied by a shrinking population of sage grouse, after environmental filed suit claiming the Bureau of Land Management had failed to follow federal laws regarding public comment.
But in April, another federal judge in New Mexico tossed a lawsuit from Native American and environmental groups over Chaco Canyon, home to the more than thousand-year old ruins of what was a major center of the Pueblo tribe and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The judge ruled the Bureau of Land Management had taken steps to protect the site from future oil and gas drilling, a decision the plaintiffs appealed to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in Salt Lake City.
Federal parks and wilderness are big business in states like Utah and Wyoming, drawing millions of tourists every year. The push to open up drilling in the areas around those parks has turned criticism on Republicans, prompting protest from the likes of Utah Governor Gary Herbert, a Republican who fought to stop drilling around Zion National Park last year.
Last week, the Senate passed a conservation bill protecting more than 2 million acres of lands and rivers across the United States, the largest of its kind in a decade. The legislation was in the works for years, and Trump’s drilling campaign got little attention in the lead-up to the vote.
Public pressure
But Alex Taurel, conservation program director at the League of Conservation Voters, wondered whether Republicans were feeling pressure from constituents to offer a “counterbalance.”
“What Trump is doing is really out of step where the public is,” he said.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, the bill’s sponsor and chair of the Senate Energy and Natrual Resources Committee, declined to comment.
https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Trump-looks-to-sensitive-public-lands-in-13624072.php
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Judge Keeps Most Pipeline Work on Hold
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In E&E - Greenwire)
A federal judge in Montana has largely kept in place an injunction that blocks a Canadian company from performing preliminary work on the stalled Keystone XL oil pipeline.
U.S. District Judge Brian Morris on Friday denied a request by Calgary, Alberta-based TransCanada to begin constructing worker camps for the 1,184-mile pipeline, which would ship crude from Alberta to the Gulf Coast.
However, Morris said TransCanada could perform some limited activities outside the pipeline's right of way. Those include the construction and use of pipe storage and container yards.
TransCanada attorneys had argued the injunction issued by Morris in November could cause it to miss the 2019 construction season and further delay the project.
An appeal of November's ruling is pending before the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
https://www.eenews.net/greenwire/2019/02/18/stories/1060121269
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How California Has Paved the Way for the Green New Deal
Feb 18, 2019 | Los Angeles Magazine
By Brittany Martin
When New York Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez recently introduced her Green New Deal proposal before Congress, the goals laid out in the document–transitioning to a completely clean power supply, updating grid infrastructure, bracing for the impacts of climate change–were described by many people across the country as extremely ambitious. They may also have sounded familiar to residents of California, a state which has been a leader on adopting environmental policies well ahead of the rest of the states (and has done so under both Democratic and Republican administrations in Sacramento).
If progressives in Washington, D.C. are looking for an example of how these policies might be enacted, they may just need to look west. The Green New Deal itself is short, and light on policy details, designed as an opening statement rather than a final set of regulations, but it does contain a handful of clear agenda items. Here’s how several points of the Green New Deal match up with programs already underway in the Golden State.
Renewable Energy
The Green New Deal sets a goal of supplying 100 percent of power demand with “clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources” in ten years. For now, the details of exactly which energy technologies qualify is being left open to interpretation, but by any measure it would still be an audacious mark to hit by 2029. Last year, then-governor Jerry Brown signed what was considered landmark legislation aimed at moving just the state of California to zero-emission energy by 2045–a timeline 16 years longer than the Green New Deal. Along the way to 100 percent carbon neutral are intermediate deadlines, including being 60 percent clean energy by 2030. The city of Los Angeles itself intends to be entirely carbon-neutral by 2050.
Climate Change Preparedness
One of the primary goals of the Green New Deal is to prepare Americans for the ever more visible and powerful impacts of climate change, including super storms, wildfires, and other natural disasters. And while there have been catastrophic weather events in California in recent years, the state has been actively working on climate adaptation since Republican governor Arnold Schwarzenegger issued an executive order on the matter in 2008. The California Natural Resources Agency, which oversees coordination of the program, could provide a model for a national approach.
Smart Grid Implementation
Modernizing the energy grid is no simple task. California, which operates the largest energy grid in the country, passed the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which set goals for smart grid implementation, but modernizing such a complex system is no easy task–and, perhaps ironically, the increased adoption of renewable energy sources, which interact with the grid differently than traditional power sources, has complicated the project in some ways. Concerns have also been raised that some of the newest tech in the field could expose consumers to privacy concerns and the risk of hacking. But while it may be both complicated and expensive, infrastructure spending does have the advantage of being at least theoretically bipartisan, and the Green New Deal calls for creating a national, high tech smart grid.
Energy Affordability
Many of the policy priorities set forth in the Green New Deal link environmental conservation with economic justice, among them a statement that, as the transition to fully carbon-neutral power goes forward, accommodations be made to insure access to affordable electricity for all. While renewables naturally bring down energy costs once the infrastructure is in place, California has also instituted multiple state-wide laws to make sure utilities provide affordable power for low-income residents. The Public Utilities Commission has oversight over what power companies can charge, and Family Electric Rate Assistance Program and California Alternate Rates for Energy Program, just updated last year, set up deductions for qualifying households.
https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/green-new-deal/
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Railroads Must Now Have Regional Teams Ready to Respond to Oil Train Wrecks
Feb 18, 2019 | AP (In Omaha World-Herald)
Federal transportation officials are requiring railroads to establish regional response teams along oil train routes following a series of fiery derailments.
The rule announced Thursday is aimed at having crews and equipment ready in the event of an accident. It applies to oil trains in continuous blocks of 20 or more loaded tank cars and those having 35 loaded tank cars.
The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration issued the rule in coordination with the Federal Railroad Administration. The pipeline safety agency said a review identified challenges that occurred during previous responses to derailments.
In 2014, the agency issued a report detailing the concerns of fire chiefs and emergency management officials in oil train accidents, including that emergency responders were not fully aware of resources available from railroads and others that would be helpful in preparing for such disasters.
Rail carriers will be required to provide information about oil trains to state and tribal emergency response agencies and identify someone to oversee each response zone along with crews and equipment that would be used in a “worst-case discharge.”
Environmentally sensitive areas along the route must be identified, along with the location where the response team will deploy.
https://www.omaha.com/money/railroads/railroads-must-now-have-regional-teams-ready-to-respond-to/article_13c07b90-06d1-5764-9a92-3f3044146a23.html
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Railroads Must Develop Oil Spill Response Plans: DOT
Feb 18, 2019 | Kallanish Energy
The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued a final rule requiring railroads to develop oil spill response plans to improve readiness for, and mitigate, spills, Kallanish Energy reports.
The rule also requires the railroads to disclose details of shipments to states and tribal governments.
The action came last week from the Dot’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (Phmsa) and the Federal Railroad Administration (Fra) in connection with crude oil shipments by High Hazard Flammable Trains.
The rule applies to crude trains transporting petroleum oil in a block of 20 or more loaded tank cars and trains that have a total of 35 loaded petroleum oil tank cars.
Comprehensive Oil Spill Response Plans must be filed for rail segments traveled by such crude-carrying trains. After publication in the Federal Register, the new rule goes into effect in 180 days, or this coming August.
The new rule had first been proposed in July 2016. It comes in the wake of a series of high-profile train accidents in recent years. That includes the 2013 crude by rail derailment that killed 47 people in Lac Megantic in Quebec.
Rail shipments of Bakken Shale oil from North Dakota to the East Coast for refining and growing Canadian crude shipments to U.S. refineries raised safety and environmental concerns about such shipments.
“This new rule will make the transport of energy products by railroad safer,” said Secretary of Transportation Elaine Chao, in a statement.
The rule revises the oil spill response plan requirements now in place to require railroads to establish geographic response zones along rail routes and ensure personnel and equipment are staged and prepared to respond in the event of an accident.
The railroads must identify staffers responsible for each zone, as well as the organization, personnel and equipment to deal with worst-case scenarios.
http://www.kallanishenergy.com/2019/02/18/railroads-must-develop-oil-spill-response-plans-dot/
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Bill Weld Plans GOP Challenge to Trump on Climate
Feb 18, 2019 | E&E - Greenwire
By Nick Sobczyk
Bill Weld, the former Republican governor of Massachusetts and the 2016 vice presidential candidate on the libertarian ticket, is planning to challenge President Trump for the GOP nomination for 2020.
But unlike the president, Weld wants to make climate change a priority.
Speaking at a "Politics and Eggs" event in Bedford, N.H., on Friday, Weld called for the U.S. to rejoin the Paris climate agreement and "adopt targets consonant with those of other industrialized nations."
"With respect to the environment and climate change, the approach of the current administration is antithetical to every principle of conservation and conservatism, and every tenet of Theodore Roosevelt's Grand Old Party," Weld said. "Whether it's as protection of a fragile ecosystem or as stewardship of God's creation — take your choice — there's a pressing need to act on climate change."
Environmental groups are hoping Weld's emphasis reflects a growing consensus among voters on both sides of the aisle that climate change needs to be addressed.
Democrats lining up to oppose Trump in 2020 have all faced pressure to endorse the progressive "Green New Deal," or at least come up with a climate proposal of their own.
Another quixotic 2020 candidate, former Maryland Democratic Rep. John Delaney, caught criticism on Twitter over the weekend for calling the "Green New Deal" "a step backwards." He likened the plan to a basketball team that only shoots half-court shots.
Delaney is instead calling for a more specific plan to address climate change, including a carbon tax and investments in clean energy technology and sustainable infrastructure.
Meanwhile, a coalition of liberal and environmental groups last week released a poll that found that climate change is a top-tier issue with Democratic primary voters, on par with more traditional liberal concerns, such as universal health care.
Addressing climate change and transitioning to 100 percent renewable energy is "very important" or "essential" to 84 percent of Democratic primary voters, according to the poll conducted by the League of Conservation Voters, Center for American Progress Action Fund and Environmental Defense Action Fund.
Weld, for his part, is unlikely to dethrone Trump in the Republican primary. But he's the first potential GOP challenger to emerge across the aisle from an increasingly crowded Democratic field.
Massachusetts GOP Chairman Jim Lyons effectively called Weld — who governed the state as a Republican from 1991 to 1997 — a traitor.
"After abandoning Republicans, Democrats, and Libertarians, Weld demands that faithful Republicans consider him as their standard bearer," Lyons said in a statement. "Even Benedict Arnold switched allegiances less often!"
Still, Weld might be a stronger contender than in 2016, when he was the vice presidential candidate for Gary Johnson's libertarian campaign.
Outside of climate and environmental issues, Weld would likely run as a Trump critic in the mold of former Sen. Jeff Flake (R-Ariz.), a staunch conservative who frequently decried the president's erratic behavior and controversial statements.
In his speech Friday, Weld ticked off a list of oft-repeated criticisms of Trump, including his verbal attacks on the press and praise for "despotic and authoritarian leaders abroad."
"He ridicules and dismisses the looming threats from climate change. Why is that?" Weld said. "He has demonstrated a repeated pattern of vindictiveness."
https://www.eenews.net/greenwire/2019/02/18/stories/1060121305
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Cap and Trade: Oregon Lawmakers Work to Adopt Policy
Feb 18, 2019 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News
By George Plaven
Oregon lawmakers are considering a new carbon pricing policy during this year’s legislative session aimed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat the effects of climate change.
The legislation, known as cap and trade, worries many of the state’s farmers and ranchers about higher fuel and energy prices at a time when profit margins are already thin, while others see it as a needed step toward climate resilience.
Cap and trade was reintroduced in the Legislature on Feb. 4, with state Democrats riding a wave of momentum after winning a supermajority of 60 percent in both chambers during the 2018 midterm elections. At least one Senate Republican, Cliff Bentz of Ontario, has said the bill is all but certain to pass, though there is still time to impact the proposal.
“I think all of us are working on amendments to this bill,” Bentz said.
Agricultural groups are lobbying to protect farmers and ranchers from projected hikes in fuel and energy prices. Jenny Dresler, of the Oregon Farm Bureau, said too few safeguards are built into the bill for growers who rely on diesel fuel, gasoline and inputs made from natural gas, or who ship their products long distances.
“That’s a big point for us, that a lot of rural families and farm and ranch families are going to bear a disproportionate burden of these costs,” Dresler said.
The legislation, House Bill 2020, outlines a new cap and trade plan and calls for the creation of a state agency to oversee it.
Under cap and trade, the state sets a limit, or cap, on greenhouse gas emissions — such as carbon dioxide and methane — beginning in 2021. The cap would be steadily reduced until carbon emissions are 45 percent below 1990 levels in 2035, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.
Though many details of the program are yet to be determined, companies would have to buy “allowances” for every metric ton of carbon — usually in the form of carbon dioxide — they generate in total. Only companies that emit more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon a year would be regulated, including electric utilities and natural gas and fuel suppliers.
The state would sell the majority of allowances through regular auctions, and money collected would then go toward climate-friendly initiatives across the state, such as accelerating the adoption of renewable resources, weatherizing homes and thinning excess forest debris that feeds larger wildfires.
Tentatively, cap and trade would be managed by the Oregon Carbon Policy Office, though Gov. Kate Brown has proposed creating a new agency, the Oregon Climate Authority, that would replace the Carbon Policy Office and Department of Energy.
Sen. Michael Dembrow, D-Portland, is chairman of the Senate Environment and Natural Resources Committee, and co-chairman of the Joint Committee on Carbon Reduction, which is holding hearings on the bill. He said HB 2020 allows the state to address climate change while directly benefiting the state economy.
“We need to take climate action really seriously,” Dembrow said. “That’s what this bill does.”
Senate Minority Leader Herman Baertschiger Jr., R-Grants Pass, labeled the bill “Soviet-style” government that skirts the Legislature and consolidates power in the executive branch.
HB 2020 does call for establishing a Joint Committee on Climate Action, though Baertschiger said the rules for cap and trade — and how the money will be spent — will be written by the new Climate Authority, with a director appointed by the governor.
“Once this is implemented, the Legislature is basically out of the picture,” Baertschiger said. “It is a way the executive branch, on their own, can control production in the state of Oregon.”
It is widely expected that, once cap and trade is passed, Oregon would link its program to the Western Climate Initiative, which implements similar programs in California and Quebec, Canada.
The allowances that companies must buy for emissions are estimated to cost $16 per ton of carbon in the first year, increasing fuel prices in Oregon by 15 to 16 cents per gallon. Oregon’s Carbon Policy Office estimates that cap and trade will apply directly to about 100 companies statewide.
Under the current proposal, agriculture and forestry are exempt from the carbon cap but are not immune from the effects of higher fuel and energy prices.
Dresler, with the Farm Bureau, said higher fuel costs alone could cost producers an extra $1,000 to $5,000 per year, depending on their consumption. Commercial fuel and dyed diesel for offroad use are not currently exempted in the bill.
Farmers are price-takers in the global market, Dresler said, meaning they have no control over pricing and typically cannot pass on their cost increases to the consumer.
“Any of these cost increases are going to be borne by the farm families,” Dresler said.
Natural gas customers would also be impacted by cap and trade, which could have a significant impact on the food processing and nursery industries.
PacifiCorp and Portland General Electric, Oregon’s largest electric utilities, would receive free allowances through 2030 to account for work already being done to phase out coal generation and double their renewable energy mandate. Utility representatives said the free allowances are necessary to avoid charging ratepayers twice for carbon savings.
Gas companies, however, would not receive free allowances. NW Natural, the state’s largest gas utility, calculates that rates for small commercial businesses would climb by 13 percent in 2021, 44 percent by 2035 and 60 percent by 2040.
Craig Smith, director of government affairs for Food Northwest, an association that represents the food processing industry, said processors rely heavily on natural gas to fuel their boilers. If gas rates go up, he worries that companies such as Lamb Weston could move out of the state.
“A lot of our companies already have locations in (Washington and Idaho), so they just move production,” Smith said.
Tom Fessler, owner of Woodburn Nursery in Woodburn, Ore., also testified before the Joint Committee on Carbon Reduction. Natural gas is the most cost-effective fuel for heating greenhouses, he said, and there is not an adequate or inexpensive alternative.
“We cannot continue to absorb these increases, as our customers are unwilling to pay the prices needed to sustain our business,” Fessler said.
Nursery and greenhouse plants are Oregon’s top agricultural commodity, valued at approximately $947 million in 2017.
Climate impact
By 2050, the Carbon Policy Office estimates Oregon’s cap and trade plan would eliminate 43.4 million metric tons of carbon annually from the atmosphere.
Critics point out that amount represents just 0.12 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which reached an all-time high of more than 36 billion metric tons in 2018. Cap and trade, they argue, would cost too much for too little benefit.
Supporters, however, say the state can no longer afford to stand by and do nothing about climate change.
“The writing is on the wall. The state is already bearing the cost for this,” said Dylan Kruse, director of government affairs for the Portland-based nonprofit Sustainable Northwest. He points to more frequent droughts, which in 2018 helped fuel Oregon’s most expensive wildfire season to date, topping $514 million.
“People keep talking about the cost of action. We’re past that. We have to start talking about the cost of inaction,” Kruse said.
The last five years have been the hottest on record, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Average global temperatures in 2018 were just over 2 degrees higher than normal, and the U.S. experienced 14 weather and climate disasters — including wildfires in the West and hurricanes in the East — each with losses exceeding $1 billion and totaling around $91 billion in damages.
A study by the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute concludes that longer, hotter summers and smaller winter snowpack will likely affect day-to-day operations in agriculture, including planting schedules, pest management strategies, yields, livestock health and soil retention.
Megan Kemple, coordinator of the nonprofit Oregon Climate and Agriculture Network, or OrCAN, said more than 200 farms have signed on in support of cap and trade legislation. OrCAN was started by Kemple in 2017 to promote agricultural practices that mitigate climate change and sequester carbon.
“The farmers I’m in communication with are concerned about the impacts of climate change on their livelihoods and their businesses,” Kemple said.
Ramon Ramirez, with the labor union Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste, or PCUN, testified in favor of the cap and trade bill on behalf of farmworkers.
PCUN, based in Woodburn, is Oregon’s largest Latino organization, representing 6,500 members. Ramirez served as president of the group until last November and now works as an policy organizer.
“In this debate of reducing carbon, we are on the front lines,” Ramirez said. “Farmworkers who toil on the land to put food on the American table do backbreaking work while working with carbon and toxic chemicals.”
It is no coincidence, Ramirez added, that the life expectancy for farmworkers is 49 years old compared to 78 for the general population, citing statistics from the National Center for Farmworker Health.
Spending plan
Dembrow said cap and trade targets four main areas of concern, including carbon reduction, sequestration, adaptation and climate resilience.
While the Oregon Constitution mandates that any money collected from fuel suppliers must be spent within the State Highway Fund, HB 2020 establishes a Climate Investment Fund that can provide grants to help pay for such activities as weatherizing homes, installing wind and solar power and improving irrigation efficiency.
Kemple said farms and ranches would be eligible to receive this funding, making their businesses cleaner and more sustainable in the long run. “We’re very supportive of the policy,” she said. “There is an opportunity there for agriculture as well.”
Farms and ranches could also sell allowances on the open market generated by projects that sequester carbon — known as offset projects — though specific details are still subject to rule-making.
A 72-page economic report on the cap and trade proposal, prepared for the Carbon Policy Office, states the policy may actually boost job growth over the long run. The analysis, by Berkeley Economic Advising and Research in Berkeley, Calif., forecasts that Oregon can hit its 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goals while boosting the state’s economy by 2.5 percent, adding 23,000 jobs.
Brad Reed, a spokesman for Renew Oregon, a clean energy advocacy group formed in 2015 that has campaigned for cap and trade, said the bill is still far from perfect. He said supporters would like language that sets aside a certain percentage of funds for rural Oregonians, and hopes the state will limit the amount of free credits being offered to businesses that are trade dependent.
“Because there is some back and forth about how many free allowances to give to various entities, that is going to cut into the amount that is collected for the program,” Reed said. “It’s going to affect our ability to reinvest that amount of money.”
Dembrow said Oregonians need to do their part, and he is confident they will not be acting alone.
“If we can come up with a good program that can significantly reduce our emissions while at the same time benefiting Oregon’s economy, then we believe other states will follow us,” he said.
https://dnews.com/northwest/cap-and-trade-oregon-lawmakers-work-to-adopt-policy/article_ac6ec699-a8f2-54a3-b662-ce130ce11ae8.html
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